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Öræfajökull

Seismicity by period · derived statistics from Skjálftalísa (Icelandic Met Office)
Status (automatic)
Over the last 24 hours, no earthquakes were detected in Öræfajökull, Iceland's highest volcano, and the seismic activity is decreasing and remains within what is considered normal for this area. Geodetic measurements at station FAGC show land uplift of approximately 735 mm per year, which is faster than the decadal average, though these GNSS data are several weeks old and short-term trends remain uncertain. The current activity most closely resembles the period around January 7, 2025, and all results are automatic preliminary findings with unreliable earthquake depths. Further details and maps of the area can be found below. (status from 2026-07-18 04:35 UTC)
🕰️ Last eruption / event — ~299 years ago
Last historical eruption (~1727). Iceland's tallest volcano. The 1362 eruption destroyed an entire region (Litla-Hérað). Caldera uplift 2017-2018 — first sign of unrest in a century.
Iceland's highest volcano (Hvannadalshnjúkur). The 1362 eruption was one of the deadliest in the country's history and destroyed the district of Litla-Hérað; erupted again in 1727. Rare but very powerful. (overview — more at vedur.is) · circle on the map = rough outline of the system (radius).
Subglacial system: a subglacial eruption can cause a jökulhlaup (sudden glacial meltwater flood) with little warning, and volcanic gases (incl. SO₂, CO₂) can be dangerous near vents and may pool in hollows. These are standing features of the system, not a sign of an imminent eruption.
📜 Did you know?
The region was called Hérað before the 1362 eruption. After it (VEI 5, ~10 km³ tephra — one of the largest explosive eruptions in historical time) the region was renamed Öræfi — wasteland. The name persists today. An estimated 200-400 people died.
Historical eruptions in the system — points colored by size, blue circle shows where we are now in time.
14001500160017001800190020001362 (Litla-Hérað eyddist)1727nowsmallmediumlarge
❓ What if Öræfajökull erupts?
Timeline: Land has risen ~70 mm at Öræfajökull 2017-2018 (first sign of unrest in a century). Likely months to years of preparation before any eruption. Explosive eruption: Iceland's tallest volcano (2,110 m). The 1362 eruption was Iceland's largest known explosive event — destroyed an entire region (Litla-Hérað). Peak ash ~25-30 km altitude. Jökulhlaup: Down Virkisá, Kotá and Svínafellsá (Skeiðará belongs to Grímsvötn, NOT Öræfajökull). Peak flow ~30,000-100,000 m³/s. Skaftafell National Park and Höfn í Hornafirði at risk. Ring Road closes. Last eruption: 1727 (small), the major 1362 eruption. Sources: Wikipedia, Met Office monitoring (vedur.is/eldfjoll/oraefajokull).
This is not a forecast. Based on historical experience and official hazard assessments from the Met Office / Civil Protection.
Points = earthquake locations in the selected window, coloured by magnitude: M3+ · M2+ · smaller (a sample if more than 800).
Earthquakes
0
Largest
M3,0+
0
Depth range
Earthquakes over time
119:4500:3305:2110:0914:5719:45
Cumulative count · 0 earthquakes · count moment
0 earthquakes in this window19:4500:3305:2110:0914:5719:45
Depth (0 km at top).

Not enough depth data.

Magnitude distribution
0<101–202–303–40≥4
Earthquakes
1
Largest
M1.2
M3,0+
0
Depth range
17–17 km
Earthquakes over time
124.0725.0725.0726.0726.0726.07
Cumulative count · 1 earthquakes · total moment ≈ M1.2 · count moment
n=10M1.2024.0725.0725.0726.0726.0726.07
Depth (0 km at top).

Not enough depth data.

Magnitude distribution
0<111–202–303–40≥4
Earthquakes
1
Largest
M1.2
M3,0+
0
Depth range
17–17 km
Earthquakes over time
119.0721.0722.0724.0725.0726.07
Cumulative count · 1 earthquakes · total moment ≈ M1.2 · count moment
n=10M1.2019.0721.0722.0724.0725.0726.07
Depth (0 km at top).

Not enough depth data.

Magnitude distribution
0<111–202–303–40≥4
Earthquakes
33
Largest
M1.7
M3,0+
0
Depth range
0–19 km
Earthquakes over time
526.0602.0708.0714.0720.0726.07
Cumulative count · 33 earthquakes · total moment ≈ M2.0 · count moment
n=330M2.0026.0602.0708.0714.0720.0726.07
Depth (0 km at top) — shallowing in the data (5.1→3.0 km). Grey: fixed depth.
0km10km19km26.0602.0708.0714.0720.0726.07
Magnitude distribution
28<151–202–303–40≥4
Depth cross-sections — color by age (orange=newest, grey=older), point size by M. Rising cluster = possible magma intrusion.
0km10km19km16.81°W16.74°W16.67°W16.60°W16.53°WE-W
0km10km19km63.98°N64.01°N64.04°N64.07°N64.11°NN-S
Earthquakes
195
Largest
M2.9
M3,0+
0
Depth range
0–19 km
Earthquakes over time
4126.0707.1019.1202.0314.0526.07
Cumulative count · 195 earthquakes · total moment ≈ M3.0 · count moment
n=1950M3.0026.0707.1019.1202.0314.0526.07
Depth (0 km at top). Grey: fixed depth.
0km10km19km26.0707.1019.1202.0314.0526.07
Magnitude distribution
107<1181–232–303–40≥4
Depth cross-sections — color by age (orange=newest, grey=older), point size by M. Rising cluster = possible magma intrusion.
0km10km19km16.92°W16.77°W16.63°W16.48°W16.34°WE-W
0km10km19km63.93°N63.97°N64.02°N64.06°N64.11°NN-S
Note: before February 2026 about half of events lacked an automatic magnitude, so magnitude-dependent figures (b-value, count of M≥X) under-count earlier periods — the catalogue is not homogeneous across this window. Cumulative moment is barely affected.
Earthquakes
372
Largest
M2.9
M3,0+
0
Depth range
0–19 km
Earthquakes over time
5626.0719.1214.0507.1002.0326.07
Cumulative count · 372 earthquakes · total moment ≈ M3.0 · count moment
n=3720M3.0026.0719.1214.0507.1002.0326.07
Depth (0 km at top). Grey: fixed depth.
0km10km19km26.0719.1214.0507.1002.0326.07
Magnitude distribution
193<1241–252–303–40≥4
Depth cross-sections — color by age (orange=newest, grey=older), point size by M. Rising cluster = possible magma intrusion.
0km10km19km16.92°W16.77°W16.63°W16.48°W16.34°WE-W
0km10km19km63.88°N63.94°N64.00°N64.06°N64.12°NN-S
Note: before February 2026 about half of events lacked an automatic magnitude, so magnitude-dependent figures (b-value, count of M≥X) under-count earlier periods — the catalogue is not homogeneous across this window. Cumulative moment is barely affected.

Depth is automatic and uncertain; earthquakes alone do not show magma movement — deformation (GPS) and gas are needed. Grey points: automatic fixed-depth values. b-value computed for M≥1.5 (automatic magnitudes make lower completeness unreliable). Preliminary data.

Glossary & magnitude scale →

Uplift — GNSS deformation

FAGC — land rising ~735 mm/yr (seasonally adjusted) · long-term +21 mm/yr (MIDAS)
-10mm+0mm+22mm30.0412.0523.0504.0615.0627.06
REYK (Reykjavík) — reference ~-2 mm/yr
-21mm+0mm+31mm26.0701.1007.1213.0221.0427.06
Show all stations (N/E/Up + cluster)
FAGC — horizontal and vertical displacement (N · E · Up) past 365 d, mm from first reading
-7mm-1mm+4mmN-6mm-0mm+5mmE-10mm+6mm+22mmUp30.04.2612.05.2623.05.2604.06.2615.06.2627.06.26

Up = land rising (possible magma accumulation), down = subsidence. From Nevada Geodetic Lab (third-party processing, ~3-week lag, latest 2026-06-27). Interpreted deformation: Icelandic Met Office.

🌊 Volcanic tremor — The volcanic tremor baseline is currently low and should only be compared to recent days…
Tremor (RSAM)
IMO tremor plot (station fag). Most of the signal is weather and surf — not eruption confirmation. All stations: vedur.is ↗.
The volcanic tremor baseline is currently low and should only be compared to recent days since wind and waves do not affect the measurements. (AI)
Band analysis past 9 days (from digitized RSAM values). High 2-4 Hz + low 0.5-1 Hz = possible magma-movement signal; high 0.5-1 Hz without 2-4 Hz = weather/surf.
0,5-1 Hz4500-7761 (~5261)1-2 Hz3565-7478 (~4717)2-4 Hz2326-7196 (~3152)16.0718.0720.0721.0723.0725.0726.07dark = low · orange = medium · red = high (per-band relative)

Earthquakes in the system

Time (UTC)MagDepth (km)Area
2026-07-25 01:04M1.216.6Other areas
2026-07-16 04:34M-0.67.1Other areas
2026-07-14 23:48M1.15.0Other areas
2026-07-11 07:29M-0.11.1Other areas
2026-07-11 05:52M-0.46.0Other areas
2026-07-09 13:11M-0.35.2Other areas
2026-07-09 06:36M0.13.0Other areas
2026-07-08 03:01M0.42.8Other areas
2026-07-08 03:01M0.33.2Other areas
2026-07-07 07:33M0.22.2Other areas
2026-07-07 07:33M0.70.0Other areas
2026-07-07 06:37M1.71.1Other areas
2026-07-07 06:37M1.60.0Other areas
2026-07-06 17:29M0.90.0Other areas
2026-07-06 14:49M1.09.8Other areas
2026-07-06 14:49M0.80.0Other areas
2026-07-06 12:24M0.019.4Other areas
2026-07-06 09:39M-0.75.2Other areas
2026-07-06 02:00M0.213.3Other areas
2026-07-06 01:33M-0.05.7Other areas
2026-07-06 01:33M0.02.7Other areas
2026-07-04 19:02M-0.10.8Other areas
2026-07-04 03:23M-0.96.3Other areas
2026-07-04 03:22M-0.54.4Other areas
2026-07-04 02:40M-0.45.4Other areas
2026-07-04 02:36M-0.93.9Other areas
2026-07-04 02:36M-0.21.1Other areas
2026-07-03 08:51M-0.92.9Other areas
2026-07-03 03:52M-1.14.9Other areas
2026-07-02 20:53M-0.75.2Other areas
2026-07-01 06:00M0.114.1Other areas
2026-06-29 07:10M-0.31.1Other areas
2026-06-26 19:48M-0.49.3Other areas
2026-06-25 12:00M-0.94.6Other areas
2026-06-24 03:59M0.11.1Other areas
2026-06-23 01:50M-1.15.2Other areas
2026-06-19 11:55M0.05.4Other areas
2026-06-18 15:06M-0.63.1Other areas
2026-06-07 03:37M0.41.1Other areas
2026-06-06 22:17M1.45.2Other areas
2026-06-06 05:23M-0.78.2Other areas
2026-06-06 04:52M0.21.1Other areas
2026-06-06 04:52M0.50.3Other areas
2026-06-04 11:24M-0.32.5Other areas
2026-06-03 10:27M-0.85.2Other areas
2026-06-03 03:54M-1.05.0Other areas
2026-06-02 03:13M-0.12.8Other areas
2026-05-27 04:38M-0.30.5Other areas
2026-05-10 13:04M2.01.1Other areas
2026-05-10 06:45M0.17.4Other areas
2026-05-05 23:09M0.25.3Other areas
2026-05-01 09:17M0.01.1Other areas
2026-04-25 18:16M0.41.1Other areas
2026-04-21 17:19M0.20.5Other areas
2026-04-21 03:53M0.24.0Other areas
2026-04-07 18:33M0.15.2Other areas
2026-04-07 08:19M0.45.2Other areas
2026-04-03 22:46M0.71.1Other areas
2026-04-03 14:00M0.06.9Other areas
2026-03-15 11:42M0.85.0Other areas

System journal

Automatic snapshots and media coverage, in chronological order. Subscribe: RSS · ntfy skjalftar-oraefajokull
2026-07-18 04:35:03 UTC
Over the last 24 hours, no earthquakes were detected in Öræfajökull, Iceland's highest volcano, and the seismic activity is decreasing and remains within what is considered normal for this area. Geodetic measurements at station FAGC show land uplift of approximately 735 mm per year, which is faster than the decadal average, though these GNSS data are several weeks old and short-term trends remain uncertain. The current activity most closely resembles the period around January 7, 2025, and all results are automatic preliminary findings with unreliable earthquake depths. Further details and maps of the area can be found below.
2026-07-17 04:35:04 UTC
Over the last 24 hours, no earthquakes have been detected in Öræfajökull, Iceland's highest volcano, and the seismic activity is decreasing and currently below the weekly average. This activity is considered completely normal for this area, with the largest earthquake in the last 48 hours measuring magnitude M-0.6 and the cumulative magnitude for the same period being Mw -0.6. Geodetic measurements show land uplift of approximately 735 mm per year according to several weeks old GNSS data, which is faster than the decadal average of 21 mm per year, although uncertainty remains over such a short period. The current activity most closely resembles the period around April 17, 2025, but it should be noted that all results are automatic preliminary results with unreliable depth measurements. Maps and further details on the development can be found lower on this page.
Repeated × 2 since 2026-07-16 11:25:03 — last 2026-07-16 23:50:04
Over the last 24 hours, 1 earthquake was detected in Öræfajökull, Iceland's highest volcano, indicating that seismic activity is increasing as the last 24 hours are well above the weekly rate. This activity is, however, within what is considered normal for this area and most closely resembles the period around April 17, 2025, with all results being automatic preliminary findings with unreliable depth measurements. The largest earthquake was of magnitude M-0.6, and the cumulative magnitude over the last 48 hours was Mw -0.6. GNSS measurements from a few weeks ago show land rising at approximately 735 mm per year, which is faster than the decadal average of 21 mm per year. Maps and further details on the deformation trend can be found lower on this page.
2026-06-07 03:40:05 UTC
In the last 24 hours, five earthquakes were recorded at Öræfajökull, Iceland's highest volcano, indicating increased activity compared to the weekly average. This frequency is higher than usual for the area and most closely resembles the period around October 5, 2024. The largest earthquake was magnitude M1.4, and these are automatic preliminary results. Further details on trends can be found below.
2026-06-06 22:25:04 UTC
In the last 24 hours, four earthquakes were recorded at Öræfajökull, Iceland's highest volcano, indicating increasing activity that remains within normal levels for this area. The largest event was magnitude M1.4 with a cumulative moment of Mw 1.4 over the past 48 hours, based on automatic preliminary results. Current activity most closely resembles the period around October 6, 2024, in terms of earthquake count. Further details on trends and measurements are available below.
What do the numbers mean — and what should I do?

β (swarm signal): how high activity is versus the area's 2-year average. β above 2 means an ongoing swarm. It measures activity, not a forecast of a large quake.

Cumulative moment (Mw): the combined energy of the quakes in the period. Uplift (GNSS): whether the ground is rising or sinking, mm per year — the data are a few weeks old. Some systems (e.g. Svartsengi) deform in steps during eruption cycles rather than at a steady annual rate.

Swarm character is computed for a whole volcanic belt, not a single system — it describes the belt, not necessarily this one system.

What should I do? This is automatic monitoring for information — not an official warning. Follow official information from the Icelandic Met Office and Civil Protection (112).